1. We use the reported speech to explain with our own words what someone has exactly said.
Direct Speech ---> (Joe says...) "I saw her at the gym".
Indirect / Reported Speech---> "Joe said that he had seen her at the gym".
2. We don't use commas.
3. There are some changes in the verbal tenses.
4. With a reported sentence, usually we need to change the time expressions.
5. There are also changes with the possessive pronouns...
John said " I am coming too!"
John / he said that he was coming too,
6. In reported speech questions, the subject goes before the verb and we don't use the auxiliar verb DO.
Where do you live, Julia? (asked Peter).
Peter asked Julia where she lived.
7. In YES/NO answers, we need to use Whether (expression of doubt) or If.
Can you lend me that book?, he asked me.
He asked me if/whether I could lend him that book.
8. Requests and Orders
When we use reported speech to express a request, the verb of the phrase in reported speech will be in the infinitive preceded by the particle TO, and will be introduced by the verb ASK.
For orders, the verb TELL is used. If the phrase is negative, we will place the particle NOT in front of TO.
Could you help me with the dinner?
My dad ASKED me TO help him with the dinner.
Open the presents!
He told us to open the presents.
Do no to open the presents yet!
He told us NOT TO open the presents (yet).
Additional explanations and activities:
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